Publication

State machine-based architecture to control system processes in a hybrid fuel cell electric vehicle

Journal Article (2024)

Journal

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Pages

1220-1235

Volume

52

Doc link

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.07.039

File

Download the digital copy of the doc pdf document

Abstract

This paper presents the development and implementation of a system supervisory controller in a hydrogen-based fuel cell electric vehicle. The controller's primary function is to ensure the safe control of the fuel cell system processes while facilitating coordination among various subsystems, including the balance of plant subsystems, vehicle control unit, diagnosis unit, and powertrain. The supervisory controller comprises of three primary parts: a State Machine, an Optimal Setpoint Generator, and a Power Limit Calculator. The State Machine, which serves as the central part of the supervisory controller, coordinates the fuel cell system's different operational states, including the complex processes of start-up and shutdown. To maximize the fuel cell system's efficiency and minimize the stack's degradation, the Optimal Setpoint Generator produces the subsystem's setpoints by solving an optimization problem and considering the manufacturer's requirements. The Power Limit Calculator assesses the stack's power output capability and calculates the current setpoint for the DC/DC converter. It then provides this data to the Energy Management System (EMS), which oversees the distribution of power between the fuel cell system and the batteries. The proposed fuel cell system supervisory controller is verified using the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycles (WLTC) in a real-world car. The designed control structure is implemented in a prototype hydrogen-based electric car at both PowerCell and CEVT facilities under the framework of the INN-BALANCE Horizon 2020 European project.

Categories

automation, power system control.

Author keywords

Supervisory controller, PEM fuel cell, Hydrogen based electric vehicle, State machine, Optimal setpoint generator

Scientific reference

A. Molavi, A.P. Husar, H. Hjortberg, N. Nilsson, M. Kogler, J. Sanchez Monreal, Y. Eldigair and M. Serra. State machine-based architecture to control system processes in a hybrid fuel cell electric vehicle. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 52: 1220-1235, 2024.