Research Project

PUMA MIND: Physical bottom Up multiscale Modelling for Automotive PEMFC Innovative performance and Durability optimization

Type

European Project

Start Date

17/12/2012

End Date

17/12/2015

Project Code

FP7-FCH-JU-2011-1-303419

Project illustration

Staff

Project Description

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) are complex nonlinear systems. In order to improve their durability, efficiency and to decrease the cost, time of development, design of new diagnostic tools is crucial. Powerful mathematical models of the dynamic behaviour of PEMFCs are necessary for the design and improvement of diagnostic tools. The project PUMA MIND will enhance the understanding of interaction, competitions and synergies among the mechanisms at multiple scales and lead to the development of robust dynamic macroscopic models for control-command purposes with predictive capabilities. The novel mathematical models developed by PUMA MIND will be tested by an experimental work, in order to ensure the applicability on commercial attainable components and catalysts. The most suitable catalysts for the MEA manufacturing technology will be used for these experiments. The implementation of the developed models on the mentioned above catalysts might allow a significant impact, and might also contribute to the most promising solutions based on current EU industrial available components. Operation conditions and control strategies to enhance the durability of automotive PEMFC will be derived on the basis of the multi-scale modeling approach proposed by PUMA MIND.

Link to the official PUMA MIND website:
www.pumamind.eu

Breakthroughs expected from PUMA MIND:
• a set of simulation tools providing a better understanding of the interplay between mechanisms at different scales regarding the electrochemistry (including degradation such as catalyst dissolution, support corrosion, ionomer degradation), water management and thermo-mechanical stresses, and their relative impact on the whole cell behaviour in real automotive application conditions;

• modelling strategies to scale up detailed physical descriptions of mechanisms into macroscopic models, and providing a better understanding of the relationships between the operation conditions (e.g. type of current cycle, relative humidity, temperature, pressures…), the components structural and chemical properties, and the long-term cell durability;

• cell level models, in particular 3D CFD models, predicting durability as function of the materials chemical and structural properties, components and operation conditions;

• on-line diagnostic model allowing to maintain the PEMFC operation under the appropriate conditions at a given current cycle for enhanced durability; in strong connection with novel validation experiments in ex-situ and in-situ conditions, control strategies to enhance the PEMFC durability and efficiency.

Project Publications

Journal Publications

  • J.A. Luna, E. Usai, A.P. Husar and M. Serra. Nonlinear observation in fuel cell systems: A comparison between disturbance estimation and high-order sliding-mode techniques. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 41(43): 19737-19748, 2016.

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  • J.A. Luna, S. Jemei, N. Yousfi, A.P. Husar, M. Serra and D. Hissel. Nonlinear predictive control for durability enhancement and efficiency improvement in a fuel cell power system. Journal of Power Sources, 328: 250-261, 2016.

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  • T. Jahnke, G. Futter, A. Latz, T. Malkow, G. Papakonstantinou, G. Tsotridis, P. Schott, M. Gérard, M. Quinaud, M. Quiroga, A.A. Franco, K. Malek, F. Calle-Vallejo, R. Ferreira de Morais, T. Kerber, P. Sautet, D. Loffreda, S. Strahl, M. Serra, P. Polverino, C. Pianese, M. Mayur, W. Bessler and C. Kompis. Performance and degradation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells: State of the art in modeling from atomistic to system scale. Journal of Power Sources, 304(1): 207-233, 2016.

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  • F. Bianchi, C. Ocampo-Martínez, C. Kunusch and R. Sánchez-Peña. Fault-tolerant unfalsified control for PEM fuel cell systems. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 30(1): 307-315, 2015.

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  • J. Moré, P.F. Puleston, C. Kunusch and M. Allué. Development and implementation of a supervisor strategy and sliding mode control setup for fuel-cell-based hybrid generation systems. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 30(1): 218-225, 2015.

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  • J.D. Rojas, C. Kunusch, C. Ocampo-Martínez and V. Puig. Control-Oriented Thermal Modeling Methodology for Water-Cooled PEM Fuel-Cell-Based Systems. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 62(8): 5146-5154, 2015.

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  • J.A. Luna, A.P. Husar and M. Serra. Nonlinear distributed parameter observer design for fuel cell systems. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 40(34): 11322-11332, 2015.

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  • F. Castaños and C. Kunusch. Dither-less extremum seeking for hydrogen minimization in PEM fuel cells. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 62(8): 5218-5226, 2015.

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  • M. Mayur, S. Strahl, A.P. Husar and W. Bessler. A multi-timescale modeling methodology for PEMFC performance and durability in a virtual fuel cell car. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 40(46): 16466-16476, 2015.

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  • S. Strahl, A.P. Husar and A.A. Franco. Electrode structure effects on the performance of open-cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cells: A multiscale modeling approach. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 39(18): 9752-9767, 2014.

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  • M.L. Sarmiento-Carnevali, M. Serra and C. Batlle. Distributed parameter model simulation tool for PEM fuel cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 39(8): 4044–4052, 2014.

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  • S. Strahl, A.P. Husar and J. Riera. Experimental study of hydrogen purge effects on performance and efficiency of an open-cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cell system. Journal of Power Sources, 248: 474–482, 2014.

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  • F. Bianchi, C. Kunusch, C. Ocampo-Martínez and R. Sánchez-Peña. A gain-scheduled LPV control for oxygen stoichiometry regulation in PEM fuel cell systems. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 22(5): 1837-1844, 2014.

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  • S. Strahl, N. Gasamans, J. Llorca and A.P. Husar. Experimental analysis of a degraded open-cathode PEM fuel cell stack. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 39(10): 5378–5387, 2014.

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  • S. Strahl, A.P. Husar, P.F. Puleston and J. Riera. Performance improvement by temperature control of an open-cathode PEM fuel cell system. Fuel Cells, 14(6): 466-478, 2014.

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Conference Publications

  • J.A. Luna, A.P. Husar, M. Serra, S. Jemei and N. Yousfi. Nonlinear model predictive control methodology for efficiency and durability improvement in a fuel cell power system, 21st World Hydrogen Energy Conference, 2016, Zaragoza, pp. 1-2.

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  • J.A. Luna, E. Usai, A.P. Husar and M. Serra. Observation of the electrochemically active surface area in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, 42nd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2016, Florence, pp. 5483-5488.

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  • J.A. Luna, E. Usai, A.P. Husar and M. Serra. Distributed parameter nonlinear state observer with unmatched disturbance estimation for PEMFC systems, 2015 International Conference on Fundamentals & Development of Fuel Cells, 2015, Toulouse, pp. 8.

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  • J.A. Luna, E. Usai, A.P. Husar and M. Serra. State estimation in fuel cell systems: A sliding mode approach, 5th Iberian Symposium on Hydrogen, Fuel Cells and Advanced Batteries, 2015, Tenerife.

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  • A.P. Husar, G. D’Elia and V. Roda. Experimental decoupling of single cell polarization losses, 5th Iberian Symposium on Hydrogen, Fuel Cells and Advanced Batteries, 2015, Tenerife.

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  • M.L. Sarmiento-Carnevali, C. Batlle, M. Serra and I. Massana. Distributed parameter PEMFC model order reduction, 1st Iberoamerican Congress on Hydrogen and Fuel Cells, 2014, Bellaterra, Spain.

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  • J.A. Luna, A.P. Husar and M. Serra. State observers design for PEMFC systems, 1st Iberoamerican Congress on Hydrogen and Fuel Cells, 2014, Bellaterra, Spain.

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  • S. Strahl, A.P. Husar, J. Riera and R. Costa. Control de temperatura en pilas de combustible tipo PEM de cátodo abierto, XXXV Jornadas de Automática, 2014, Valencia, Spain.

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  • S. Strahl, A.P. Husar and J. Riera. 2D transient modeling of hydrogen purge and temperature effects on the performance of PEM fuel cells, 11th Symposium on Fuel Cell and Battery Modeling and Experimental Validation, 2014, Winterthur, Switzerland, pp. 53.

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  • M. Mayur, S. Strahl, A.P. Husar and W. Bessler. A two-dimensional multi-physics approach of transient PEMFC modeling in a virtual fuel cell car, 11th Symposium on Fuel Cell and Battery Modeling and Experimental Validation, 2014, Winterthur, Switzerland, pp. 61.

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  • M.L. Sarmiento-Carnevali, C. Batlle, I. Massana and M. Serra. Order reduction of a distributed parameter PEM fuel cell anode gas channel model, 2014 European Hydrogen Energy Conference, 2014, Seville, Spain, pp. 265-272.

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  • S. Strahl, N. Gasamans, J. Llorca and A.P. Husar. Experimental analysis of a degraded open-cathode PEM fuel cell stack, 4th Iberian Symposium on Hydrogen, Fuel Cells and Advanced Batteries, 2013, Estoril, Portugal.

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  • J.D. Rojas, C. Ocampo-Martínez and C. Kunusch. Thermal modelling approach and model predictive control of a water-cooled PEM fuel cell system, 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2013, Vienna, Austria, pp. 3806-3811.

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  • M.L. Sarmiento-Carnevali, M. Serra and C. Batlle. Analysis of conventionally controlled PEMFC based on a distributed parameter model, 4th Iberian Symposium on Hydrogen, Fuel Cells and Advanced Batteries, 2013, Estoril, Portugal.

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  • F. Bianchi, C. Kunusch, C. Ocampo-Martínez and R. Sánchez Peña. On the implementation of gain-scheduled LPV control for oxygen stoichiometry regulation in PEM fuel cells, 52nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2013, Florence, pp. 990-995.

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  • A. Dòria, P.F. Puleston and C. Kunusch. Control of an active rectifier with an inductive-capacitive-inductive filter using a twisting based algorithm, 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2013, Vienna, Austria, pp. 3416-3421.

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  • C. Kunusch, J. Moreno and M. Angulo. Identification and observation in the anode line of PEM fuel cell stacks, 52nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2013, Florence, pp. 1665-1670.

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  • C. Kunusch and F. Castaños. Extremum seeking algorithms for minimal hydrogen consumption in PEM fuel cells, 2013 American Control Conference, 2013, Washington DC, pp. 1144-1149.

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  • C. Kunusch and F. Castaños. On the implementation of an adaptive extremum seeking algorithm for hydrogen minimization in PEM fuel cell based systems, 12th European Control Conference, 2013, Zurich, Switzerland, pp. 2501-2506, IEEE.

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  • C. Kunusch. Online identification of time varying parameters in PEM fuel cells, 5th International Conference on Fundamentals & Development of Fuel Cells, 2013, Karlsruhe, Germany.

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  • C. Evangelista, P.F. Puleston and C. Kunusch. Estudio de la viabilidad del algoritmo super-twisting de ganancias variables para el control de pilas de combustible PEM, 2013 Reunión de Trabajo en Procesamiento de la Información y Control, 2013, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.

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  • S. Strahl, M. Perrier, A.P. Husar, J. Riera and M. Serra. Performance improvement by temperature control of an open-cathode PEM fuel cell system, 5th International Conference on Fundamentals & Development of Fuel Cells, 2013, Karlsruhe, Germany.

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